The current proliferation of wireless devices, often with sensing, computation and actuation capabilities, makes it necessary to enhance the robustness of such systems in stressful adverse scenarios including, on one hand, wireless "incidental" interference resulting from the normal operation of both the network users (intra-system interference) as well as of other networks (inter-system interference); and, on the other hand, "intentional" malfunctioning of communication and/or sensing system components in situations where an attacking entity purposefully tries to disrupt network operation, or where legitimate system users attempt to exploit vulnerabilities in order to secure an unfair share of system resources. This project addresses several aspects of these complementary problems involving efficiency and security along a number of research lines, focusing on the sensing, physical communication, and medium access layers.